What Happens When the Pope Dies? The Role of the Pope & What Comes Next
The Pope isn’t just a religious figure, he’s a global moral leader, the spiritual head of 1.3 billion Catholics, and the visible symbol of unity in the Catholic Church. When a pope dies, the world doesn't just mourn a man; it witnesses a centuries-old ritual unfold at the heart of the Vatican.
Here’s everything you need to know about the role of the pope, what happens after his death, and how the next pontiff is chosen.
What is the Role of the Pope?
The pope serves as the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereign of Vatican City, holding one of the most influential religious roles in the world. As the successor to Saint Peter the apostle believed to be the Church’s first pope he is tasked with guiding the Church’s doctrine, appointing bishops and cardinals, and serving as the final authority on matters of faith and morals. His responsibilities extend beyond theology; the pope also acts as a global moral figure, representing the Catholic Church in diplomatic and humanitarian efforts across the world. Through his teachings, travels, and public addresses, the pope serves as a unifying presence for more than a billion Catholics. His influence goes beyond religion, shaping conversations on issues like poverty, climate change, peace, and human rights.
What Did Pope Francis Pass Away From?
Pope Francis, born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, passed away at the age of 88. The Vatican confirmed that the cause of death was complications related to his ongoing respiratory and cardiac issues, which had worsened over the previous months.
Throughout 2024 and early 2025, Pope Francis had been in declining health, making fewer public appearances and scaling back his travel schedule. He had long suffered from sciatica, a lung condition stemming from a past infection, and more recently, episodes of bronchitis and fatigue. Despite his health challenges, he continued to fulfill many of his papal duties until shortly before his passing.
In accordance with Vatican tradition, his body now lies in state at St. Peter’s Basilica, where thousands of mourners from around the world have gathered to pay their final respects to the first Jesuit, first Latin American, and one of the most reform-minded popes in modern history.
What Happens at the Vatican When the Pope Dies?
When a pope dies, a process known as "Sede Vacante" (Latin for "the seat being vacant") begins. Here’s what takes place:
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The Papal Apartments are sealed: The rooms in which the pope lived are locked and secured.
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Funeral arrangements begin: The pope is traditionally buried 4–6 days after death, with thousands of pilgrims gathering in St. Peter’s Square.
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The Camerlengo takes charge: A senior cardinal temporarily oversees Vatican operations until a new pope is elected.
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The College of Cardinals assembles: This body, made up of senior church officials under the age of 80, gathers in Rome to prepare for the conclave.
It’s a mix of solemn ritual, political maneuvering, and divine symbolism, all steeped in centuries of tradition.
Related: Pope Francis: The Reformer and the Rebel of the Vatican
Does a Pope Get a Salary?
Technically, popes do not receive a salary in the traditional sense. As the head of the Vatican, the pope’s needs (housing, clothing, transportation, security, food, etc.) are completely covered by the Church.
However, that doesn’t mean the role isn’t powerful or valuable. The pope influences billions, travels the world, and often holds sway in global political discussions without ever cashing a paycheck.
How Much Is the Vatican Worth?
The Vatican's wealth is a subject of global curiosity and speculation. Here's what we know:
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The Vatican Bank holds an estimated $5–6 billion in assets.
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The Church’s global wealth including land, real estate, art, and donations is believed to be worth tens of billions.
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Priceless artifacts in the Vatican Museums include works by Michelangelo, Raphael, and da Vinci, which technically belong to the Church, not for sale, but priceless nonetheless.
Despite its riches, the Vatican often runs budget deficits and relies on worldwide donations to operate its missions and institutions.
When Do They Decide on the Next Pope?
Once the pope has died, the College of Cardinals has 15 to 20 days to gather in Rome and begin the secretive process known as the conclave.
In the Sistine Chapel, cardinals vote up to four times a day until one candidate receives a two-thirds majority. Each vote is followed by the symbolic burning of ballots black smoke means no decision, white smoke means: habemus papam—“we have a pope.”
The new pope is usually announced on the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica within hours of the final vote.
Conclusion
The death of a pope is a global event but it also signals the beginning of a sacred transition. With centuries-old rituals and deep spiritual meaning, the process of choosing a new leader blends faith, politics, and mystery.
Whether you're Catholic or just curious, understanding what happens behind the scenes offers a fascinating glimpse into one of the most unique and enduring institutions on Earth.
